Xylem, phloem, transpiration, and vascular transport
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Xylem (blue) transports water + minerals upward from roots to leaves via transpiration pull and cohesion-tension. Phloem (orange) transports sugars (products of photosynthesis) from leaves down to roots (translocation). Stomata on leaves regulate gas exchange and water loss. More sunlight → more photosynthesis → more sugar, but also more transpiration.