Key Concepts: The Nature of Science

Characteristics of Science

Science is a way of knowing about the natural world based on evidence and logical reasoning.

• Empirical: Based on observation and experimentation
• Testable: Claims can be verified or falsified
• Tentative: Conclusions can change with new evidence
• Objective: Minimizes personal bias

Theory vs. Law

• Scientific Theory: A well-tested explanation supported by extensive evidence (e.g., cell theory, evolution)
• Scientific Law: A description of a natural phenomenon that always occurs (e.g., law of gravity)